Equi-biaxial tension tests on magneto-rheological elastomers

A bespoke test rig has been designed to facilitate testing of magneto-rheological (MR) elastomers (MREs) under equi-biaxial tension using a standard universal test machine. Tests were performed up to 10% strain on both isotropic and anisotropic MREs with and without the application of an external magnetic field. Assumptions regarding the material’s response were used to analyse stress–strain results in the two stretching directions. The assumptions have been verified previously by uniaxial tension tests and by simulations of the magnetic flux distribution performed using a commercial multi-physics finite element software. The MR effect, which is defined as the increase in tangent modulus at a given strain, has been studied versus engineering strain. The latter was measured optically in the experiments using a digital image correlation system. Relative MR effects up to 74% were found when the particle alignment of anisotropic MREs was oriented parallel to an applied magnetic induction of just 67.5 mT.